Outsider free essay sample

The beginning of high school life can be very exciting for many people. It’s the time when you can start fresh, meet new people, find new interests and reinvent yourself. As for me, I was expecting all of that but something stepped on my way: I could barely understand English. Moving to a new country at the beginning of high school life can be hard to any youth, but I was excited. Many hopes filled my mind as the first semester of my freshmen year started. But I suddenly realized something: people could not understand what I was saying, and sometimes I could not understand them. Reality struck me as I (realized) that I could not even order my lunch without pointing to what I wanted. My hopes started to fade away the first month, when I could not hold a proper conversation with my new high school friends. Talking is one of my favorite hobbies, so I tried my best to make myself understandable. We will write a custom essay sample on Outsider or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sometimes, I was sure that what I was saying was correct, but my accent would prevent people from getting whatever I was saying. At first, my attempts were strong and continuous but frustration was even more constant. For the first time in my talkative life, I became very quiet. That was mortifying to me that always loved to chat. Alas, the first step on my quest towards proper conversations was to read avidly. I surrounded myself with my dearest English speaking authors and read as much as I could. My vocabulary started to expand rapidly, but it still wasn’t enough to make people stop asking me to point at what I wanted at the lunch line. That’s when I decided I needed someone to practice my English with. He was sitting behind me at French class, and seemed someone that would try to understand me. His name was Braydon. After my target was set, I decided to talk little by little, everyday. At the beginning I would ask simple questions such as â€Å"What do you like to eat?† or â€Å"What songs do you like?† but still my friend would not understand me. I would repeat the same question over and over again, until I got an answer that went along with my question, which was rare. Sometimes, Braydon just nodded to anything I said, but I knew that was a hint to repeat my phrase once aga in. Struggling through my acquired (shyness), I tried to make myself clear. Little by little, I started to lose my new shyness, and become once again talkative. My English improved, and my conversations started to get longer. After some time, I realized that the lunch lady could understand my order with just talking. It may seem a simple task to accomplish but for me, it was a victory. Braydon is still my friend. These days, he confessed that he could barely understand me when we met. I also confessed that many times I thought I should just be quiet and give up trying to be understood. We laughed as we remembered the old times when I would suddenly turn to him and ask random questions. These days, I am glad that I asked those questions even though it was shameful because nowadays I can spend hours on the phone talking in English with my friend steadily. If I struggle, the reward afterwards will be worth it.

Travellers motivations on tourist typology Essays

Travellers motivations on tourist typology Essays Travellers motivations on tourist typology Essay Travellers motivations on tourist typology Essay for illustration Costa del Sol in Spain was considered alien, but in short period of clip expand into a mass tourer finish, and pull allocentric tourers ( Tourism: A Modern Synthesis, 2001 P ; 63 ) . One facet is that tourers and finishs change over the clip. Handiness Tourists normally travel off from place but without conveyance paths, tourers can non make their finishs. Indeed, the conveyance available is normally a factor in taking a finish. ( Appendix 1 ) shows that the most popular manner of conveyance by far for UK outbound tourers is air. Most long draw travel is by air for grounds of clip and convenience ( P. Lavery, 1989 ) . Traveling by air give easy entree to distanced states for illustration USA generated air tourers as a figure of 1,539,857 estimated in March 2009 ( tinet.ita.doc.gov ) or China 1610 million people travelled by air in 2007. ( inet.ita.doc.gov ) . States in European Union for illustration Spain and France create partnership and organize a common market by extinguishing trade barriers. France and Spain joined Euro zone known as Schgengen and removed boundary line control and checkpoints between their states. The remotion of controls agencies that citizens can easy go from one state to another. They have adopted EU currency Euro which makes easier for economic activity within EU. Merely British tourers made 12.5 million visits to Spain in 2002, compared enchantress 12.1 million to France ( news.bbc.co.uk ) . Geographic characteristics Costal touristry Costal countries offer some of the most desirable resources for touristry on the Earth. Sun, sand and sea provides an of import commercial sector of the touristry industry. Costal countries seaside have great entreaty to households. Visitors to a costal country or resort will be attracted by this sense of topographic point and will be acute to seek out coveted experiences, for illustration in Spain. Spain has many to offer from lovely beaches, beautiful metropoliss to mountains. The cardinal entreaty factor in Spain is seaside for illustration The Canaries, the group of islands with touristry concentrated on the four largest. These are Tenerife, Gran Canaria, Lanzarote and Fuerteventura. The islands are chiefly volcanic. Fuerteventura has broad, flaxen beaches but those on Tenerife are less appealing dwelling of black volcanic sand ( Rough Guide to Spain, 2007 ) .National statistics says The Canaries has lost 15 % of tourers in 2009 compared to last twelvemonth 9.2 million, that repr esents autumn of 1.38 million. However France have something to offer, The Gallic Riviera Beaches are known as expensive and glamourous. Corsica is a Gallic island has a 100s of beaches appealing to everyone. Sing to WTO in 2008 922 1000000s international tourers visited Gallic seashore, with a growing of 1.9 % , compared to 2007. Hawaii in USA has appealing factor of sea, Sun and sand. A tropical island Eden of aureate sand beaches, waterfalls and exuberant woods. Aloha State attract more than 6 million visitants a twelvemonth. An stray archipelago in the center of the Pacific Ocean, the islands have alien landscape and epicurean cordial reception offer a wealth of experiences from volcanic eruptions and universe category surfboarding and beautiful beaches ( Eyewitness Travel, USA, 2004 ) Mountain Yellow Mountains is the most popular attractive forces in China. There are located in the South of Anhui state. The beauty and singularity of Yellow Mountain has become one of the great symbols of China ( Alone Planet, China 2009 ) . However France is the UK s favorite ski finish, The Alps are likely the most celebrated mountain in France, and Europe. The highest extremum is Mont Blanc, visitants in winter 60.000 per twenty-four hours. Spanish Pyrenees besides attract with broad scope of activities from boosting, skiing to mountain biking. Traveller will bask arresting positions and fresh air, sing to statistics tourers spend 4.5 million euro in 2008. Rocky Mountains in USA, 3,000 stat mis in length from U.S State of New Mexico through western U.S to Canadian s British Columbia. The Rockies include over 100 mountain scopes. The highest point in the Rockies is Mt. Elbert, it stands at 14,433 ft. Statistics says 2.7 million one-year visitants came to Rocky Mountains in 2006 ( nps.gov ) . Urban touristry A 2nd class of finish is the town or metropolis. Urban touristry turning in cultural activities such as visits to museums, art galleries and theaters. Cities entreaty to architecture, shopping and as a leisure activity ( J.C Holloway, 2006 ) . Urban countries offer concentration of installations and attractive forces that are connectively located to run into visitants and occupant demands. Diverseness of urban countries size, map, location and history contributes to their singularity ( Tourism: A Modern Synthesis, 2001 ) . Paris is one of the taking metropoliss for short-break vacations, uniting all benefits of short stay good stores and eating houses, outstanding architecture, quality hotels, all right museums ( J.C Holloway, 2006 ) . Paris deriving 23.5 million visitants annually. Most celebrated attractive force is Eiffel Tower which is the most recognizable memorial in Europe, statistics for 2002 6.2 million visitants harmonizing to Paris Office of Tourism. Low transatlantic monetary values made New York popular as short interruption finish, chiefly for shopping as dollar dropped the value against lb and euro. New York City throbs with energy commercially, socially and culturally. World-class museums and broad assortment of shopping, dining and amusement options, is one of the most visited metropolis Centres in United States. Its most typical sight, nevertheless, is the Statue of Liberty the symbol of freedom for 1000000s who made this metropolis their place ( S. Davey, 2004 ) . In 2008 figure of visitants reached 47 million ( nycstatistics, 2010 ) . China s best known urban tourers attractive force is Hong Kong. City is a prime tourer finish in Asia. Above streets with people and traffic, sleek luxury dress shops and five-star hotels stand following to ageing tenement blocks and traditional Chinese stores. Hong Kong is the metropolis that lives to eat, offering spoting diners beyond in cheap nutrient markets, street stables and eating houses. Statisticss for January 2008 were 2,518,566 million people visited the metropolis ( Alone Planet, China, 2009 ) . Madrid capital metropolis of Spain, located in the bosom of the state. A widely distributed metropolis, a concern Centre, place of the Spanish Royal Family. Great museums Prado, Reina Sofia and the Thyssen-Bornemisza, state-of-the-art places to fabulous arrays of modern Spanish picture including Picasso s Guernica. Madrilenos one of the cardinal attractive forces of capital metropolis, sitting in the traditional coffeehouse. Madrid is characterized by intense cultural and artistic activity and really lively nightlife ( Rough Guides, Spain 2007 ) . Sing to WTO fact and figures in 2007 about 60 1000000s international tourers visited Madrid. Rural Tourism Third class of touristry, the countryside, offers different vacation experience. Rural countries have featured conspicuously in the development of touristry and leisure. For tourer countryside is reliable and offers chances such as hike, fishing and Equus caballus equitation. Rural touristry is based on nature touristry and agrotourism, although focused more on vegetations and fauna experience ( L. Lomine and J. Edmunds, 2007 ) . Many rural countries attract big figure of tourers, for illustration Yellowstone National Park, America s first national park. Located in Wyoming, Montana and Idaho. Favourite finish to 1000000s of visitants and great for households. Visitors can detect wildlife of silvertip bears, bison, wolves and moose. Experience all admirations of Yellowstone National Park, most popular geysers and hot springs, the universe s largest calderas with thermic characteristics, petrified woods and waterfalls. Visitors can bask boosting, bivouacing and fishing ( yellowstonenat ionalpark.com,2007 ) . National Park Service Public Use Statistics Office says 3,295,187 visitants in 2009 comparing to 1904 13,727. The rural touristry development in China has become a new economic growing sector. Guizhou state, place to 17 cultural minorities, have developed rural touristry. Situated in southwest China, mountains and hills where tourers could see alone milieus, varied topography, great conditions. China s countryside acquiring more than 300 1000000s tourer every twelvemonth sing to China National Tourism Administration. Andalucia in Spain is the southmost portion of the Iberian peninsula. Andalucia is an ideal part for bivouacing, siting, walking and mountain bicycling. Mild clime and about 300 yearss of sunlight a twelvemonth, with broad natural environment ( Rough Guide, Spain 2007 ) . 17 % land of Andalucia has been confirmed Nature Parks. Rural touristry industry offers eco-tourism ( andalucia.com 2008 ) . 8.1 million tourers visited Andalucia during the 3rd one-fourth of 2009, 10.8 % less than the same one-fourth in 2008. ( UNWTO ) Gallic can be proud of their rural touristry in Ardeche south France. The Ardeche is a fast flowing river that has carved narrow gorges making breathtaking canon. Ardeche has a dramatic cragged alleviation with great positions and beautiful historical small towns. Region has a booty to offer for rural tourers from fantastic scenery that you wont bury, caves and museums to gastronomy and feature activities ( Lonely Planet, France 2009 ) . Statistics stating 350000 people visited Ardeche River ( UNWTO ) . Decision Motivation factors are different for each tourer, diverseness of ways to make finish every bit good as appealing factors which convince tourers to go. Costal touristry can be appealing with sea, Sun and sand factor. Mountain with their singularity and distinction from boosting to extreme athleticss. Urban touristry that entreaties with concentrations of installations and attractive forces. Rural touristry appealing with abandon and nature captivation.

Violent game Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Violent game - Research Paper Example Even though video games are capable of releasing pressures and certainly entertain most people, video games still needs to be banned among young teenagers because videos game may lead to aggressive behaviors, mentality issues, and even more criminals of young teenagers. Observation reveals that video games present such deep seated implications, off-ramp thoughts as well as outlook and perception of the children. Such games greatly influence the psychology of the kids and inculcate a feeling of hostility and brutality. Studies have been conducted across the world as the situation is becoming alarming and the consequences of videogames and computer games are culminating into behavioral tribulations. An augmentation in aggression is reported to be due to observation of cruel movies or playing videogames that are based on killing acts. Videogames are immensely flattering modern children and their parents. Easy availability has not only revolutionized gaming besides keeping the children b usy, but also inculcate violence in children (Web: "Reality Bytes: Eight Myths About Video Games Debunked"). Videogames started in 1952, created by A. S. Douglas, the first computer game, Noughts and Crosses. This was presented as his dissertation. Followed by various others, Russell (1962), who developed "Spacewar". It gained popularity across the world and transformed the entire fun of gaming. With the introduction of character "Mario" in "Donkey Kong", developed by Miyamoto (1981) made the game popular. Eventually, the game became one of the most admired source of amusement not only between kids but also amongst adults. With this game Miyamoto emerged as an industry giant. Later, in the year 1994, Entertainment Software Board was established by Entertainment Software Association, with an intention of providing ratings and information about video and computer games (Web: " History of Gaming "). With the advancement of technology, Sony released its play station (PS) 2 in the year 2 000 with magnificent graphics and performance. The year 2001 witnessed the release of Grand Theft Auto 3. It gained popularity because of its quality but it was rated to be unlegislated as it encompassed slaughtering people, choosing prostitution and burglary of cars and money (Web: "The Video Game Revolution"). Such results demand to prohibit video games to avoid deterioration of developing psychology of the kids. Videogames and computer games are inducing an alteration in the behaviour pattern of the children of the present epoch. They are responsible for generating isolation, self-centred approach and also infuse violent temperament thereby leave little room for emotions and empathy, in turn they are responsible for permeating violence in children. The article highlights impact of videogames on behaviour pattern of the children playing such games. Establishing Credibility Now, it is been over 30 years, videogames are becoming the part and parcel of modern life. The video game ind ustry manages to churn multi-billion dollars as it is popular in every age group especially kids and youngsters and is a must for university libraries, laboratories to the living rooms of modern homes (Web: "History of Gaming"). With the advent of smart phones and mobiles, access to such games is gaining popularity as one can download desired games anywhere and at anytime. Considering the fact that videogames bring one of the most

Saving Californias Surf Breaks Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Saving Californias Surf Breaks - Research Paper Example   With the advent of surfing environmentalism also came the task of educating both the surfing and non-surfing public of how waves are created, how rock formations in the sea and its other natural resources aid wave formation and how human interference, such as coastal developments and road constructions, affects the process. Educating the public about surfing basics is not complete without talking about surf breaks, which are crucial in creating wave breaks that surfers ride (Butt, 2009). â€Å"A surf break is defined as a permanent obstruction, such as a reef, headland, bombora [and] rock or sandbar, which causes waves to break† (Silmalis, 2007). Although what constitutes the actual wave that surfers ride involves a more complex combination of weather, wind direction, tides, and ocean current, an integral part of this fusion are surf breaks (Diel and Menges, 2008, p. 84). The texture and shape of the sea floor determine the height of the wave (p. 87). Hence, beaches rich in coral reefs—which are considered to be the best surf breaks—and blessed with great bombora and other rock and sand formations are considered to be prime surf spots (Almond, 2009, p. 93). California is home to some of the world’s best surf spots, and preserving the state’s surf breaks is a huge task that involves more than the occasional â€Å"Save the Beach† rallies. For instance, in 2008, about 3,000 surfers and environmentalists expressed their opposition to an $875 million toll road project that would â€Å"block sediment that creates world-class waves at San Onofre State Beach† by showing up for the marathon commission hearing (Flaccus, 2008). The Save the Waves Coalition is a prime example of a non-profit surfing environmentalist organization that teams up with local, national and international agencies to â€Å"preserve and protect surfing locations around the planet and to educate the public about their value† (Kampion, 2009, p. 117).     

Poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 15

Poverty - Essay Example The study is also relevant to the general concept of poverty since it is hard to separate child poverty from poverty in general. In addition, its particular and unique dimensions are rarely recognized. According to Duncan, Ziol†Guest andKalil (2010), children experience poverty as a situation that is detrimental to their emotional, spiritual, mental and physical development. Their article argues that poverty can drastically impede the ability of a child to learn. As a result, child poverty contributes to behavioral, social, and emotional problems to such children. The authors also state that child poverty not only contributes to the general ill health of the affected child, but also to poor mental health of the victim. This implies that there are greatest risks for children who encounter poverty at their tender age. This risk is even intensified if these children experience persistent and profound poverty. According to these researchers, poverty is the only greatest threat to the well-being of children (Duncan, Ziol†Guest & Kalil, 2010). The article concludes by suggesting that active public policies can have an upper hand in creating a difference. It mentions making w ork pay for those parents with little income, providing high-quality learning experience and early care for children as the necessary steps to eradicate child poverty. In addition, the article advocates for investment in the most poverty stricken children as a critical step in fighting child poverty. According to Sumner (2010), children experience a state of poverty with their minds, hands and hearts. Explaining about material poverty in the article, for instance, he argues that the emotional capacity and bodily growth of a child are hindered when the kid starts a day without taking a meal. He adds that when a minor lives in an environment that offers little emotional support to him or her, most of the positive effects of a child growing up in a

Concepts of Retribution and Revenge

Concepts of Retribution and Revenge Question Retribution and revenge are, and must be, strictly distinguished one from the other. Discuss Introduction It is not necessarily ideal to begin a discussion paper with a direct challenge to the veracity of the statement under review, but that is exactly what is demanded here. The first step in this analysis is easy to take: Retribution: noun recompense, usually for evil; vengeance.[1] Revenge: noun 1. (act of) retaliation 2. desire for this. verb ((-ging) 1. Avenge 2. revenge oneself or in passive; often + on, upon) inflict retaliation.[2] The statement for discussion concretes itself in absolute terms, but that, it is submitted, is no more than a faà §ade. It is confidently submitted that retribution and revenge are far from â€Å"strictly distinguished one from the other† in 21st century Britain. The average man or woman on the street on whose behalf the law is maintained and enforced would struggle to put clear blue sky between the two concepts, even in the abstract.[3] Once a factual scenario is added to the mix for context, once flesh and blood and sentiment are brought into the equation, the edges of these respective notions blur yet further. Indeed, the words retribution and revenge are so closely associated in the mind of the ordinary man that they are practically interchangeable. In the glossary to Oxford University Press’s Criminology textbook[4], retribution is defined as: the act of taking revenge upon a criminal perpetrator. Given the mutuality of this definition it would seem difficult to divide the two concepts quite as sharply as the statement under review suggests. From a cynical perspective, it could be argued that retribution is merely revenge with slightly better P.R. In the auspicious words of Sir Francis Bacon in Of Revenge[5] the issues seem to be distinguished by the notion that, while revenge is essentially a private affair, retribution has more public, and perhaps publicly acceptable, application and connotations. Whereas retribution may be seen to exercise a positive social function, revenge is forbidden fruit a sin perhaps if not, a luxury dressed in vice. ‘Revenge is a kind of wild justice which, the more mans nature runs to, the more ought law to weed it out. For as for the first wrong, it doth but offend the law; but the revenge of that wrong putteth the law out of office†¦ Certainly, in taking revenge, a man is but even with his enemy; but in passing it over, he is superior; for it is a princes part to pardon. And Salomon, I am sure, saith, It is the glory of a man to pass by an offence. Some, when they take revenge, are desirous the party should know whence it cometh. This is more generous, for the delight seemeth to be not so much in doing the hurt as in making the party repent. But base and crafty cowards are like the arrow that flieth in the dark.’[6] Contextual Analysis It is submitted therefore, that retribution and revenge are in fact closely related concepts. Together they probably comprise the most basic, most deeply engrained and most pervasive elements of human social justice reactions and drivers. That said however, at least one mode of distinction should be clear in the mind. While academic comment on revenge and retribution has in the past tended to revolve around the issue of criminal justice,[7] it is a trite observation that retribution is of prime significance in steering the justification and rationale of other legal matters. For example, beyond the criminal arena, discrimination, medical negligence and malpractice, and a veritable constellation of other species of civil litigation can hinge around and be fostered by a base desire for retribution and retributive justice.[8] Retributive motivation can also burn at the heart of intractable personal, family or business disputes. Retribution is a fascinating psychological and social phenomenon. It can be analysed from a variety of legal, philosophical and other social science perspectives. Discussion of the topic should address the full range of psychological, societal and sociological functions that punishment serves, embracing the cognitive, behavioural and emotional dynamics of retribution in context.[9] Almost all of the world’s cultures operate an organised system of social regulation and conflict resolution. Among them, legal systems predominate as the most popular and widespread. Law is retribution and conflict resolution by public administration under the unchallengeable authority of the state. Retributive justice is that which is state sponsored.[10] It is possible to distinguish the concept from other forms of retribution and conflict resolution on several grounds. First, law can be said to be retribution or conflict resolution that is managed by a centralised authority or federal structure. Under this model, retribution for wrongdoing and conflict resolution should not be in jeopardy of escalation into a deleterious cycle of mutual and personal revenge. There is of course always the danger of complimentary retribution: if I penalise you for hitting me, youll penalise me for punishing you theoretically an unending cycle of reciprocal and ultimately destructive violence. A legal system, under the administration of a central body, removes responsibility for retribution from the hands of individuals and puts it at the discretion of the state. Given that it is vast, impersonal and all-powerful, it is unlikely that those convicted and punished would attempt to revenge themselves in any direct or specific fashion against the state. The seductive revenge element of the law is manifest in notorious crimes including for example the killing of Polly Klaas in California and the popular revulsion and controversy inspired as a consequence.[11] That case can be compared with the United Kingdom public reaction to the sentencing of the Jamie Bulger killers, themselves children.[12] One essential point of observation is that the respective families of the victims, no matter what punishment they aspired to visit on the killers, are not the ones who decide on the penalty and they are not the ones who administer the punishment. Because most law is written and long established it can be argued that it assumes an independent and distinguished persona beyond the emanation of the state that is charged with its administration. This matrix conspires to derive a collective sociological fiction that it is the inalienable Law that governs those who implement the law, and that it is somehow the law that exacts retribution, not individual human beings or the servants of the state. This neat trick ensures that the law stands above and apart from the real world as something conceptually flawless in essence if not reality, something truly independent of human frailty, vicissitudes, fallibility and instability.[13] There is a simple and thus cogent argument that Law is, at its beating heart, no more than a mechanism for revenge. This should not come as a surprise. It is submitted that the fundamental response, the base socio-cultural mechanism for addressing unacceptable activity and behaviour, is to exact revenge. Incompatible activities that fell outwith the sphere of revenge were not initially embraced within the world’s legal systems. Generally speaking it was only later hundreds of years later in many cases that retribution-neutral disputes were encompassed within legal regimes.[14] The earliest-dated code of laws available for scrutiny is the Code of Hammurabi,[15] which sees it origins around 1780 BC. Significantly, the Babylonian King’s rules were obsessed with mechanisms for retribution. This early legal system assumes the form of a lex talionis the law of retaliation providing for exact retribution. The biblical mantra is: â€Å"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, an arm for an arm, a life for a life.†[16] Mankind’s very earliest systems of law were almost exclusively species of lex talionis. As can be seen from the aforementioned quote, in the tone of Hebrew Scripture the lex talionis is a law of equal and direct retribution. Revenge, in this context is arguably surplus to requirements. King Hammurabis legal code and the nascent Syro-Roman and Mahommedan systems that followed,[17] almost wholly founded on the explicit principle of equal and direct retribution. In so doing it reveals the origins of law and justice per se in the gore of retributive violence. Concluding Comments In light of the fact that something similar to the lex talionis is typically the foundation stone of every legal system, it is argued that we can deduce that the basic functions of law are those of revenge and retribution†¦ and in no particular order. However, unlike systems of direct retribution (which are in one sense the fast food of societal sin), legal systems are implemented and enforced by the state and its human embodiment in dislocated fashion. The individuals responsible are normally insulated from the threat of reciprocal revenge in return. While revenge and retribution may jeopardise less well regulated societies as protagonists attempt to inflict reciprocal revenge on one another, retribution as it is embodied in established legal orders and controlled by the state entity in theory strives to prevent a deleterious circle of mutual revenge from undermining the fabrics and glues of society. In a perfect world the concepts of revenge and retribution would indeed be distinguished uniquely and precisely, one from the other. Alas, this is far from a perfect world and the legal matrix in which these terms sit is an organic hotch-potch of socio-political compromise. Thus, both in respect of their common and legal meanings, it is likely these concepts will be employed interchangeably by journalists, judges and the world at large. In closing, it is pertinent to note that, with a few notable exceptions, most countries, including the U.K., have abolished the death sentence. International war crime tribunals now award only life sentences for the most appalling crimes against humanity. It is submitted that this global shift in emphasis away from revenge-based sanctions has been driven by the emerging philosophy among criminologists that punishment in the form of revenge and retribution sits incongruously in a modern civilised society.[18] The Bible has a great deal to say on the subject of revenge and retribution. Much of the sentiment expressed therein has coloured the legal systems of the Christian and Western worlds for hundreds of years, in the interpretation and application. It is a matter of regret and stifled consternation that even in that highest of resources contradiction, ambiguity and confusion is rife. Two quotes end this commentary, leaving objectivity in the eye, and at the disposal, of the reader. If the person strikes another and kills him, he must be put to death. Whoever strikes an animal and kills it is to make restitution, life for life. If anyone injures and disfigures a fellow countryman it must be done to him as he has done. Fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth. Book of Leviticus, Chapter 24:17-20 You have heard that it was said, `Eye for eye, and tooth for tooth. But I tell you, Do not resist an evil person. If someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also. And if someone wants to sue you and take your tunic, let him have your cloak as well. If someone forces you to go one mile, go with him two miles. Give to the one who asks you, and do not turn away from the one who wants to borrow from you. Matthew, Chapter 5:38-41 END WORD COUNT 2122 (exclusive of footnotes) This is the sole intellectual and creative work of the author. Bibliography English Legal System, Elliot, C. and Quinn, F., 3rd edition, Longman (2000) Criminology, Hale et al., Oxford University Press, (2005). Smith and Keenan’s English Law, Keenan, D., 13th edition, Pitman Publishing, (2001) Sir Francis Bacon: The Essayes or Counsels, Civill and Morall, Kiernan M, (editor), Oxford University Press, (2000). Clint Eastwood and Equity: The virtues of revenge and the Shortcomings of Law in Popular Culture, Miller, W. I., Law in the Domains of Culture, University of Michigan Press, (1998). Perceptions of Neighborhood Safety and Support for the Reintroduction of Capital Punishment, Keil T.J., et al, International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, Vol. 43, No. 4, 514-534 (1999) The Practice of Punishment: Towards a Theory of Restorative Justice, Cragg W, Routledge, New York (1992). Restorative Justice and Civil Society, Braithwaite J, and Strang H, (editors), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, (2001). You can kill a burglar if you have to, but not if you want to, Gibb F, The Times, February 2 2005. Babylonian Law The Code of Hammurabi, Johns CHW, Encyclopaedia Britannica, (11th ed). Restorative Justice: An Overview. Home Office, United Kingdom. Available at: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/occ-resjus.pdf Restorative Justice: When Justice and Healing Go Together, Zehr H, http://ccrweb.ccr.uct.ac.za/archive/two/6_34/p20_restorative.html Empowerment and Retribution in Criminal and Restorative Justice, Barton C, Victim Offender Mediation Program. (1999): http://www.voma.org/docs/barton_empre.pdf 1 Footnotes [1] The Oxford Paperback Dictionary and Thesaurus, Oxford University Press (1997) [2] Ibid. [3] See, inter alia, Perceptions of Neighborhood Safety and Support for the Reintroduction of Capital Punishment, Keil T.J., et al, International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, Vol. 43, No. 4, 514-534 (1999) at pp.522. [4] Criminology, Hale et al., Oxford University Press, (2005). [5] See, Sir Francis Bacon: The Essayes or Counsels, Civill and Morall, Kiernan M, (editor), Oxford University Press, (2000). [6] Ibid, and see http://www.ardue.org.uk/library/book3/revenge.htm. [7] For broad-based comment see Smith and Keenan’s English Law, Keenan, D., 13th edition, Pitman Publishing, (2001), chapter 25. [8] The Practice of Punishment: Towards a Theory of Restorative Justice, Cragg W, Routledge, New York (1992). [9] Clint Eastwood and Equity: The virtues of revenge and the Shortcomings of Law inPopular Culture, Miller, W. I., Law in the Domains of Culture, University of Michigan Press, (1998). [10] See for insightful comment: Restorative Justice and Civil Society, Braithwaite J, and Strang H, (editors), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, (2001). [11] See for comment: http://pollyklaas.ga0.org/law/law_enforcement.html [12] Justice? This is insanity : http://www.papillonsartpalace.com/jamie.htm. [13] For supporting analysis and a uniquely positive perspective see Empowerment and Retribution in Criminal and Restorative Justice, Barton C, Victim Offender Mediation Program. (1999): http://www.voma.org/docs/barton_empre.pdf [14] You can kill a burglar if you have to, but not if you want to, Gibb F, The Times, February 2 2005. [15] Ancient History Sourcebook: Code of Hammurabi, c. 1780 BCE: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/hamcode.html [16] Babylonian Law The Code of Hammurabi, Johns CHW, Encyclopaedia Britannica, (11th ed). [17] See for background: http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MESO/CODE.HTM. [18] Tamilnation.org, 10 December 1999: http://www.tamilnation.org/intframe/india/rajiv/99unfairtrial.htm.

Analysis of Donnes The Bait and Marlowes Passionate Shepherd to His L

Love, an extremely and unsurprisingly popular topic among writers in every time period and corner of the world, is the central subject of two similar, yet contradicting literary works – â€Å"The Passionate Shepard to His Love† by Christopher Marlowe and â€Å"The Bait† by John Donne, respectively. Each author masterfully utilizes imagery, but in different ways to achieve two different purposes. Marlowe’s idealistic vision of what love should be is countered by Donne’s rather cynical realism. Both works begin with an identical first line that is followed by a line that Donne alters from Marlowe’s original line. The change seems subtle yet it contains thematically significant meaning. Marlowe’s second line reads â€Å"†¦and we will all the pleasures prove†¦Ã¢â‚¬  while Donne slightly changes the latter of the two – â€Å"†¦and we will some new pleasures prove†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The discontinuity lies in the wording as Marlowe fails to recognize the negatives connected with relationships. Donne acknowledges these hardships, replacing Marlowe’s extreme word choice - â€Å"all† to â€Å"some†. The alteration provides a more realistic approa...